Home » Blog » 英文單字Since的用法:如何正確使用
英文單字Since的用法:如何正確使用
作者: Steve Wallace
發布日期: 2014 / 12 / 4, |
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提問:「請問 since 和 because 有什麼差別?由於 since 帶有時間及原因的雙重意義,如何使用才能避免意思上的混淆?」
Since 可用來表示原因或時間,而這兩個意思在使用上經常被搞混,請見以下例句:
A1: Since it was Saturday, I stayed in bed longer.
A2: Since she arrived, everything has been different.
例句 A1 中的 since 表原因,A2 的 since 則表示自某個時間點以來。
請記住以下四個要點:
- Since 的意思:不管是作為連接詞或是介系詞,since 的意思取決於句子結構和時態。
- Since 作為連接詞:附屬子句的動詞為過去式時,since 通常表示時間。
- Since 作為連接詞:附屬子句的動詞為現在式時,since 通常表示原因。
- Since 和 for 作為介系詞:當事件發生於某一時刻時,使用 since;當事件與一段時間相關時,則使用for。此時主要子句的動詞通常都是現在完成式。
Since:表示時間
Since 通常作為連接詞(代入一個子句)或介系詞(代入一個片語),偶爾也當作副詞(獨立存在)。
1. 如果since子句表示時間,子句中的動詞必須是過去式。
B1: We haven’t drunk anything since we got here.
B2: We haven’t drunk anything since we’ve been here.
B3: I have been feeling sick (ever) since I ate that cake.
2. 在一個帶有 since 子句(since you arrived)或since片語(since Tuesday)的句子中,若主要動詞指涉一段包含現在的期間,則該動詞必須為現在完成式。
C1: See examples B1 – B3.
C2: I have been there since seven o’clock.
C3: Since winning the award, he has been really happy.
3. 如果全句指涉過去的時間,則主要子句需為過去完成式。此時,since 子句的動詞通常為簡單過去式。
D1: We hadn’t drunk anything since we arrived.
D2: I had been feeling sick ever since I ate that cake.
D3: I hadn’t drunk anything since seven o’clock.
4. 以下情況中的 since 皆表示時間:
since為介系詞時(例句 C2、D3)
since 後面接現在分詞時(例句 C3)
5. Since 還是 for ?
Since 作為介系詞時只能與某一時刻搭配。這裡的時刻以副詞(如:yesterday)、副詞片語(如:the start of term)或動作動詞(如:I ate …)表示。
E1: I’ve been here since last week.
Since 當作介系詞時絕對不與一段期間搭配。我們不能說since three hours,這是錯誤的用法。表示時間的期間是以for表示。
E2: I’ve been here for three hours.
當 Since 作為連接詞時,便可與一段期間或某一特定時刻做搭配。
如果表示一段期間,since子句的動詞通常是現在過去式(例句E3a、E4a);如果表示某一時刻,since子句的動詞則為簡單過去式(例句E3b、E4b)。
E3a: I’ve felt much better since the window has been open.
E4a: He has lost weight since he has been running every day.
E3b: I’ve felt much better since I opened the window.
E4b: He’s lost weight since he stopped eating chocolate bars.
Since:表示原因
1. 若 since 子句為現在式,則 since 必表示原因,而非時間。
F1: Since it is raining, we are staying indoors.
F2: We will stay indoors since it is raining.
F3: Since he lives in Peru, he doesn’t often visit us.
2. 若主要子句及 since 子句中的動詞皆為簡單過去式,則 since 通常表原因,而非時間。
G1: I ate all the chocolates since you left them behind.
G2: Since he was poor, he never took taxis.
3. Since 表示時間時,主要動詞通常為現在過去式。
G3: I’ve eaten all the chocolates since I got home.
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