避免英文句子以文法動詞結尾
作者: Wallace
發布日期: 2020 / 4 / 23, |
54408 |
人已瀏覽 |
以下是與華樂絲合作過的客戶
避免以動詞結尾
用動詞結尾的子句或句子讀起來頭重腳輕,很不平衡。好的句子結構盡量讓動詞靠近主詞,避免在句尾使用動詞。母語人士認為必須在動詞後面加上名詞片語,例如a swim或副詞,來營造一個感覺比較平衡的句子。
常見錯誤:
The children are swimming.
編修後:
The children are taking a swim.
- 提供您一個常用的技巧,可避免在句尾使用動詞,那就是在子句「scientists originally believed」中,加上「by」來顛倒主詞與動詞的順序,請見以下範例。
常見錯誤:
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet probably contained less ice than scientists had originally believed.
編修後:
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet probably contained less ice than originally believed by scientists.
- 常常簡單的在句尾動詞後面加上一些訊息,就可以讓句子變得平衡。下面這些句子中,您認為如何修改較好呢?
常見錯誤:
Doubling the sampling density can be accomplished.
The parameters for Inmarsat GEO satellite network were used.
A miniaturized planar inverted-F antenna is proposed.
Several experiments were performed.
研究論文的材料與方法章節中,常常包含執行程序的手段以及採取某些方法的理由或目的,請參考編修後的句型例子。
編修後:
Doubling the sampling density can be accomplished by interpolation.
The parameters for Inmarsat GEO satellite network were used, since the effect of call drops is significant when working under a long delay network.
A miniaturized planar inverted-F antenna is proposed for dual-band mobile phone application in the 900- and 1900-MHz bands.
Several experiments were performed to optimize the temperature and the tool pressure.
- 也可以藉由刪減關係子句,避免使用動詞做結尾。
常見錯誤:
Java is now the programming language WHICH developers in North America USE most.
編修後:
Java is now the programming language USED most BY developers in North America.
- 避免句尾或子句末端使用介係詞
在英文口語中,母語人士常常在句尾或片語尾端使用介係詞,但正式書寫英文中,常使用兩個方式來避免這個情況。
常見錯誤:
Each species and genus of plants produces pollen grains that have a distinct shape. These shapes can be used to identify the type of plant that they came from.
編修後:
Each species and genus of plants produces pollen grains that have a distinct shape. These shapes can be used to identify the type of plant from which they came.
- 改變單字
如果子句或句子結尾是包含介係詞的片語動詞,則可以用比較正式的、拉丁文組成的動詞來取代。
常見錯誤:
In wireless networks, signal fading that comes up from multipath propagation is a particularly severe channel impairment that can be easily got around.
編修後:
In wireless networks, signal fading that arises from multipath propagation is a particularly severe channel impairment that can be easily mitigated.
許多最常見的英語動詞可以被更精準的拉丁文組成的動詞取代,這些常見的盎格魯撒克遜動詞(Anglo-Saxon verbs)可以有很多的意思。
- 「Be」搭配不同動詞,或單獨出現,可能有以下意思:
be situated, be located, be placed, be positioned; be outlined, be listed, be described; serve as
- 「Do」單獨出現在句子中,依據不同上下文也可能有以下意思:
perform, implement, execute, complete, conduct, function, operate
- 「Get」這個字也可以有以下意思:
become, acquire, procure, receive, gain, obtain, achieve, attain
- 「Give」放在句中可能有以下用意:
provide, offer, supply, transfer, yield; allow, permit, enable; contribute
- 「Go」放在正式用法中也會有以下意思:
proceed, pass, process, transfer, transmit
- 「Be going to」用來表示未來式,等同於:will
- 「Happen」也等於occur
- 「Have」也有以下廣泛的意思:
possess, include, incorporate, contain, involve, consist of, be composed of, comprise
- 「Have to」表達應該或強制,可能等同以下:
should, must, need to
- 「Make」也是個很好用、廣泛的單字,在正式上下文中可能有以下意思:
produce, generate, create, assemble, build, construct, erect, fabricate, fashion, forge, form, frame, manufacture, mold
- 「Mean」可以具有以下意思:
denote, indicate, imply, suggest, signify
- 「Put」放在前後文中,可能有以下不同意思:
place, attach, insert, apply, connect, join, link, unite; adhere, anchor, secure, implant, imbed
- 介係詞 + which
另一個方法是直接把介係詞挪到關係代名詞which的正前方。
常見錯誤:
A non-falsifiable theory is a hypothesis that no test can be devised for.
編修後:
A non-falsifiable theory is a hypothesis for which no test can be devised.
常見錯誤:
Greenhouse gases could change the weather patterns that most of the world’s population depend on for their day to day survival.
編修後:
Greenhouse gases could change the weather patterns on which most of the world’s population depend for their day to day survival.
- 避免使用片語動詞
多數片語動詞是由少數常見的動詞,例如get、go、come、put、do、take、make和set,和少數副詞或介係詞,例如away、out、off、up和in組成。然而,書面學術風格總是偏好一個單字的拉丁動詞。這是從非正式到正式英文最顯著的改變。
一般動詞片語組:
The aim of this study is to look at the growth dynamics and to find out the microbial populations living in the C140 prototype hydraulic system.
拉丁動詞片語組:
The aim of this study is to examine the growth dynamics and to determine the microbial populations living in the C140 prototype hydraulic system.
一般動詞片語組:ring up
正式動詞組:raise, present
一般動詞片語組:build up
正式動詞組:accumulate
一般動詞片語組:come up with
正式動詞組:devise, invent, develop; produce, supply
一般動詞片語組:do away with
正式動詞組:eliminate, obviate
一般動詞片語組:find out
正式動詞組:determine, develop; detect, observe;
一般動詞片語組:get rid of
正式動詞組:eliminate
一般動詞片語組:go down/up
正式動詞組:decrease, decline, diminish / increase, rise, augment
一般動詞片語組:take care of
正式動詞組:manage, operate
額外相關閱讀推薦:
- 在研究 (study)與論文 (research paper) 中,應該搭配那些描述性動詞?
- 哪些句型適用於定義研究論文中的專有名詞?
- 如何正確使用垂懸與錯置修飾語
- 學術寫作避免濫用開頭為it is、there is或 there are的句子
希望我們的英文寫作、英文文法教學及論文期刊投稿指導文章有幫到您!
若有英文編修需求,請試試我們的免費300字試用服務,華樂絲英文編修品質絕對會讓您滿意:
部落格分類標籤: 文法和寫作
訂閱電子報
提供英文文法、中英翻譯、英文寫作技巧以及碩博士生涯規畫等,專為台灣碩博士生與研究者量身打造的學習內容。每週自動寄送至您指定的Email信箱,隨時都能取消訂閱。
超過 315,000 名中港台碩博士生與研究人員訂閱
華樂絲服務項目
文章搜尋
文章分類
演講活動
2020.11.27 - 國立臺北科技大學 |
2020.11.19 - 工業技術研究院 |
2020.11.17 - 國立臺灣大學 |
2020.6.16 - 工業技術研究院人力處 |
2020.2.6 - 國立交通大學產學運籌中心 |
邀請Dr. Steve Wallace演講 |