英文逗號引介的用法
作者: Shane C.
發布日期: 2022 / 11 / 14, |
1546 |
人已瀏覽 |
以下是與華樂絲合作過的客戶
逗號除了用來表示句子中的分隔以外,學術寫作中更常用來引用與介紹下一部分的說明,本篇週電子報為您介紹逗號中引介的用法。
- 規則:在獨立子句之前的片語或子句後面要加上逗號。
- 從屬子句(dependent clause):包含一個主詞及一個動詞,但句意不夠完整。
- 獨立子句(independent clause):包含一個主詞及一個動詞,單獨存在的句意完整。
- 片語(phrase):包含主詞或動詞其中之一。
引介的類型及範例:
- 以單一字彙作整句修飾:單一個字可以修飾整個子句的意思。
Surprisingly, the roof was still intact. (令人驚訝的是,屋頂仍然完整。)
此句中,Surprisingly修飾整個獨立子句「the roof was still intact」。
- 從屬子句:以從屬連接詞開頭(如after、although、as、when、while、until、unless、before、because、if、since等字),且未傳達完整句意。
If they want to do well on the test, students must spend time studying.(如果他們想要考試考得好,學生們必須花時間讀書。)
「If they want to do well on the test」包含主詞(they)和動詞(want),這並不是一份完整的句意,僅是表示一種「條件」。
- 不定詞片語:以動詞的不定詞形式開頭(to+原形動詞)。
To stay in shape for competition, athletes must exercise every day.(為了保持能競賽的良好體能,運動員必須每日運動。)
此句以to+動詞(stay)開頭,不包含主詞,在整個不定詞片語之後、主要子句前加逗號,所以這裡的主要子句是「athletes must exercise every day」。
注意以不定詞作為主詞的句子「To start a new business without doing market research and long-term planning in advance[x] would be foolish.」此句無逗號,因為該句不是引介片語,這裡的to+原型動詞引導的是一個完整子句當做主詞,後面需使用單數動詞。
- 分詞片語:以過去或現在分詞開頭。
Throwing caution to the wind, she told him she loved him.(她豁出去了,告訴他她愛他。)
以現在分詞開頭(throwing),逗號於整段分詞片語後加上,後面跟著主要子句「she told him she loved him」。
注意不要將分詞構句與動名詞混為一談,「Singing and dancing at the same time is hard to do.」此句無逗號,因為singing和dancing不是作為形容詞使用,而是當名詞用,作為此句的主詞,這是動名詞的用法。
- 介系詞片語:以介系詞開頭。
Over the Christmas holiday, I cleaned out my attic.(在耶誕節假期,我清理了我的閣樓。)
以介系詞開頭(over),逗號在介系詞片語之後,後面跟著主要子句「I cleaned out my attic」。
- 獨立片語:有一個名詞和修飾語,通常包括一個分詞,但並非絕對。
Their tummies satisfied, they crawled into bed.(肚子飽足後,他們爬上床。)
Their tummies(名詞)satisfied (分詞),在整個獨立子句之後加逗號,後面跟著主要子句「they crawled into bed」。
練習
放進逗號,如果可以說出是什麼類型的引介就更好了。
- Although we had reviewed the film twice before we never noticed these details about the shooting.
- To get everything done I had to start earlier than usual.
- Fortunately I was there to catch him.
- By evening we had become impatient.
- On the other hand I do agree it could use some work.
- Dancing to the music I forgot all of my troubles.
- When he says he will do it he means it.
- Dancing around the room to my favorite song always makes me feel better.
- Teeth clenched, eyes closed she braved the tall slide.
- To be the best was all he could think about.
解答
- Although we had reviewed the film twice before, we never noticed these details about the shooting.(引介類型:從屬子句)
- To get everything done, I had to start earlier than usual.(引介類型:不定片語)
- Fortunately, I was there to catch him.(引介類型:單純副詞之後放入一個逗號)
- By evening(,) we had become impatient.(可將逗號置於by evening之後,但是非必要,因為這是短介系詞片語)
- On the other hand, I do agree it could use some work.(引介類型:介系詞片語)
- Dancing to the music, I forgot all of my troubles.(引介類型:分詞片語)
- When he says he will do it, he means it.(引介類型:從屬子句)
- Dancing around the room to my favorite song always makes me feel better.(無逗號,因為dancing around the room to my favorite song是句子的主詞)
- Teeth clenched, eyes closed, she braved the tall slide.(引介類型:獨立子句)
- To be the best was all he could think about.(無逗號,因為to be the best是句子的主詞)
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